Decolonization

The Spiritual Plan of Aztlán served as a cornerstone document for the Chicano Movement. It outlines a vision of self-determination, cultural pride, and freedom for Mexican Americans. This manifesto drew upon Aztlán, the legendary ancestral home of the Aztecs. It served as a rallying cry for…

The United States and Panama signed two agreements that ended U.S. control over the Panama Canal. The first treaty, the Panama Canal Treaty, established a schedule for Panama to take over canal operations. Full control was set for the end of 1999. The second, called the Neutrality Treaty, ensured…

The Vieques Island protests arose between 1999 and 2003 on the small Puerto Rican island of Vieques. These protests occurred against the United States Navy’s use of the island for live‑bombing exercises dating back to World War II. They ignited after an errant 500‑pound bomb dropped on April 19, …